Mercedes Benz Tech Tips

D Jetronic Fuel Injection - Mercedes Benz Tech Tips


D Jetronic Fuel Injection Tech Tips 1971 to 1976
The D Jetronic system was introduced in 1967 and started appearing widespread in Volkswagens. Sensors constantly sense the operating conditions of the engine and transmit signals to an electrical control unit.

When and how much fuel injected into the engine, is calculated on intake manifold pressure and engine speed. The most critical measure is intake manifold pressure. For the trivia nuts, D, the first letter of D Jetronic is also the first letter of the German word Druck that means pressure

The D Jetronic system relies on constant fuel pressure if the electronic control unit is to deliver the precise amount of fuel during different operating conditions. To achieve this constant pressure the fuel pump needs to be able to deliver more fuel than the engine will ever require thus the pressure can be regulated by re-circulating the excess fuel back to the fuel tank.

First we will list a brief description of each part, followed by their operation with a few little tips we have picked up along the way.

Electric Fuel Pump
The fuel pump is a roller type electric fuel pump, which delivers fuel under pressure in a closed system. The closed system consists of a pipeline to a fuel rail, which contains solenoid-operated injectors a fuel pressure regulator and a fuel return line to the fuel tank. The fuel pump also contains a one-way check valve, or non-return valve, in it's outlet to prevent fuel flowing backward and maintain pressure in the system after shutoff.
Mercedes D Jetronic Fuel Pump
Fuel Pressure Regulator
Since the fuel pump delivers more pressure than the maximum requirement of the engine the fuel pressure must be regulated. It is this constant fuel pressure, which enables the electronic control unit to deliver the precise amount of fuel.

The fuel pressure regulator, located at the back of the fuel rail, consists of spring-loaded diaphragm in a steel housing. When fuel pressure overcomes spring pressure the valve opens and fuel is diverted back to the tank thus maintaining a constant pressure. The spring pressure is adjustable by turning an adjustment screw which increases or decreases spring pressure and consequently increases or decreases fuel pressure. Fuel pressure is normally 28 to 30 lbs. in the fuel rail. Check the service manual for your pressure setting.

Fuel Filter
Filters out the impurities of the fuel to protect the fuel system components.
 
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
The electronic control unit back then was an analog control unit. Transistors still weren't cheap then as those of you who owned and listened to their transistor radio can attest to. Remember them?

The electrical control unit receives inputs from various sensors and determines the amount of fuel the engine requires to operating conditions. It controls the fuel flow by controlling how long the electronic injector valves remain open.

Mercedes D Jetronic Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
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